This page lists various resources concerning computers. We have included entries of interest to (i) end users who want to become more proficient in their use of personal computers, (ii) those who want to learn more about software engineering and computer science, and (iii) software engineers and computer scientists. We take no position on "religious" issues such as operating systems (we have included links for Windows, Apple and Linux users) and programming languages (e.g., we discuss everything from Visual Basic to LISP).

This authors of this page are James Mitchell and Thomas Barnet-Lamb, a Ph.D. candidate in mathematics at Harvard University. For those who are interested, Thomas uses Linux while James uses Windows. Any suggestions should be e-mailed both to Thomas and James.

Other Sections

Essays by James

Periodicals

General

Microsoft

Microsoft Windows XP

Microsoft Office

Microsoft Word

Microsoft Excel

Microsoft PowerPoint

Microsoft Outlook

Microsoft OneNote

Microsoft Access

Microsoft Small Business Server

Internet

Electronic Mail

Spam

Web Design and Development

Open Source

Open Source Leaders

Apple Macintosh

Unix and Linux

Computer Programming and Software Development

Programming Languages

Programming Languages — Microsoft Visual Basic

Programming Languages — LISP

Interface Design

Artificial Intelligence

Miscellaneous

Other Sections

We also have sections for Business and Dating & Romance.

Essays by James

Some Advice on Computers

Some useful advice on computers

The Apple Macintosh

A discussion of the pros and cons of the Apple Macintosh, by someone who claims he has no axe to grind.

An Index of Computer Skills and Knowledge

Do you think you're good at computers? Here's an index you can use to judge how good you are, from the perspective of Microsoft Windows, Office and Visual Basic for Applications.

What's Wrong with E-Mail Packages

E-mail packages — even the better ones such as Microsoft Outlook and Eudora — are not designed to handle workflow. Here are several suggestions to improve e-mail packages.

How to Improve the Internet

Here are several suggestions to improve the Internet.

What to Do About Spam

This describes a proposal to handle spam.

How to Intelligently Regulate Microsoft

The anti-trust prosecution of Microsoft by the U.S. Government and the states that joined in such litigation was one of the great missed opportunities in history. The government was represented by one of the most talented civil litigators in the world, and the judge thought that Microsoft's Chairman was untruthful. The essay analyses how one could intelligently regulate Microsoft if one understood new economic theories and the computer industry.

Pornography on the Internet

How pornography should be dealt with on the Internet

Minimizing Total Cost of Ownership in Information Systems

Purchasing computers is a small percentage of the total cost of owning a computer, particularly when you're talking about a local or wide area network. This essay describes how to minimize the total cost of owning computers.

Periodicals

PC Magazine

The best computer magazine published. If you use a Windows PC, we highly recommend it.

General

Brad Feld

Brad is a venture capitalist who is unusually knowledgeable about computers, having (among other things) founded a software development firm.

Paul Graham

Paul Graham co-founded Viaweb, which they sold to Yahoo for $49 million. A Ph.D. in computer science from Harvard, he is perhaps the world's leading expert on the computer programming language LISP. His Website includes essays on computers and software development, entrepreneurship, venture capital, and other topics. Hackers and Painters, his third book, is particular recommended — James has read it about a dozen times.

Microsoft

Microsoft Help and Support

How to Intelligently Regulate Microsoft

The anti-trust prosecution of Microsoft by the U.S. Government and the states that joined in such litigation was one of the great missed opportunities in history. The government was represented by one of the most talented civil litigators in the world, and the judge thought that Microsoft's Chairman was untruthful. The essay analyses how one could intelligently regulate Microsoft if one understood new economic theories and the computer industry.

Microsuck

There are a zillion anti-Microsoft Web sites, one for each person who hates the company. This is one of the more thoughtful ones.

Microsoft Windows XP

Windows XP

Microsoft's Web site for Windows XP

Microsoft Update Web Site

Alan Simpson's Windows XP Bible, 2nd Edition

About.com's Web site on Windows XP

List of Windows XP Command Line Commands

Doug Knox's Web site on Windows XP

Paul Thurrott's SuperSite for Windows

Microsoft Office

Microsoft Office — Official Web site

Office for Mere Mortals

A free electronic newsletter for those who are not Microsoft Office experts

Office Watch

A free electronic newsletter for those who are knowledgeable about Microsoft Office. Used to be called Woody's Office Watch, named after Woody Leonard, one of the most knowledgeable person in the world about Microsoft Office. This newsletter goes into extensive detail about Office, and we recommend it only if you're a serious user of Office. Those who don't know a lot about Office should consider Office for Mere Mortals.

Office 2003

A free electronic newsletter for those who are knowledgeable about Microsoft Office 2003. Like Office Watch, it goes into an extraordinary amount of detail into Office 2003, and thus will be of most interest to those who are quite knowledgeable about Office.

Visual Basic for Applications

Visual Basic for Applications ("VBA") is a subset of Microsoft Visual Basic that is built-in to most of their desktop productivity applications, including almost all Office applications. It is a powerful scripting language that we recommend learning if you want to become a power user of Office. Most of the time you simply record VBA macros and then simply tweak them a little, so it's easier than you might think. VBA is a good introduction to programming language — vastly simpler than most other languages but still fairly powerful.

Microsoft Word

Microsoft Word — Official Web site

Word 2003 Bible
by Brent Heslop, David Angell and Peter Kent

Many people spend a substantial portion of their adult life in Microsoft Word, but they have no idea how to use it. If nothing else, James recommends that you learn styles. Using Word without knowing how to use styles is like driving a Ferrari with a governor on.

Word MVP Site

Microsoft Excel

Microsoft Excel — Official Web site

Microsoft Excel is a powerful spreadsheet. Spreadsheets are useful not only for traditional financial calculations, but for almost any instance where you want to easily manage structured data that ____. In many cases where users need to manage data, if they can live with a flat file database (i.e., only one table with no links to other tables), in many cases is it easier to manage your data in Excel than in a database tool such as Microsoft Access.

John Walkenbach

Of those who regularly write about Excel, John Walkenbach is considered to be the guru of all gurus.

Excel 2003 Bible
by John Walkenbach

John Walkenbach's Favorite Excel Tips & Tricks
by John Walkenbach

Excel 2003 Formulas
by John Walkenbach

Formulas are the lifeblood of spreadsheets, and no one can bring a spreadsheet to life like John Walkenbach. In this detailed reference guide, he delves deeply into understanding, creating, and applying formulas in everything from workbooks to charts, pivot tables, and more advanced Excel applications. He examines financial formulas, explores the many options made possible with array formulas, teaches you to develop custom worksheet functions with VBA, and much more. Once again, "Mr. Spreadsheet" will astound you with the breadth and depth of Excel's capacity.

Excel 2003 Power Programming with VBA
by John Walkenbach

John Walkenbach begins this power user's guide with a conceptual overview, an analysis of Excel application development, and a complete introduction to VBA. Then, he shows you how to customize Excel UserForms, develop new utilities, use VBA with charts and pivot tables, create event-handling applications, and much more. If you're fairly new to Excel programming, here's the foundation you need. If you're already a VBA veteran, you can start mining a rich lode of programming ideas right away.

Microsoft PowerPoint

Microsoft PowerPoint — Official Web site

Microsoft PowerPoint is a graphics presentation package. In James' opinion, it is the weakest link in Microsoft Office. Word is a good word processor, Excel is an excellent spreadsheet, Access is a very good database/development tool for non-large applications, Outlook has finally become useable, Project is a very good mid-level project management package, and OneNote looks quite interesting. PowerPoint, however, is simply not very good — using its default templates, one will produce visual junk. We include several link to PowerPoint resources because as part of Office, it is the de facto standard for corporate presentations.

If you want a good presentation tool, consider Axon Solo. It was designed by ex-McKinsey management consultants to produce McKinsey-quality presentations. It is at least a decade ahead of PowerPoint (its lead is actually infinite, since it seems clear that Microsoft never intends to fix PowerPoint's fatal shortcomings), and should be considered by anyone who regularly produces corporate graphics presentations. Unfortunately, Solo costs $1500 per copy. The primary danger of using Solo is once you do, you'll be able to go back to PowerPoint and be happy. You can download a free evaluation copy of Solo and see if you want to buy it.

PowerPoint 2003 Bible
by Faithe Wempen

Microsoft Outlook

Microsoft Outlook — Official Web site

Outlook is a personal information manager ("PIM"), a category of software that defies easy description because everyone seems to want something different from a PIM. Outlook 2003 (version 4 of Outlook) is pretty good. (This is a common Microsoft characteristic — version 1 totally sucks, version 2 merely sucks, version 3 is somewhat useable, and version 4 is often quite good.) Outlook is excellent for e-mail (you can even configure it to download messages from Web-based e-mail sites such as Gmail and Hotmail) and calendaring. Its contact management capabilities are very basic (those who need real contact management should consider Microsoft's Contact Manager, Act!, Goldmine or Maximizer, all of which unfortunately have problems — no one has yet to write a really good contact manager.) It's To Do list capabilities are also very basic (consider ManagePro for a good To Do list system).

Outlook is in most cases the most logical client to use if you're running Microsoft Exchange Server on your server. It's included as part of every edition of Office and for that reason alone, it has become the de facto standards in corporate America.

Microsoft Outlook 2003 Bible
by Rob Tidrow

Microsoft OneNote

Microsoft OneNote — Official Web site

OneNote is a tool for note-taking. It is best used on a tablet PC, a kind of personal computer that as of 2003 have not sold very well. James thinks if you regularly take handwritten notes, you should consider purchasing a tablet PC and OneNote — you could easily edit your notes (while you are writing and afterwards) as well as store your notes electronically.

Complete Guide to OneNote
by W. Frederick Zimmerman

Microsoft Access

Microsoft Access — Official Web site

Access is both a database and a tool in which to write data-driven applications. Such software packages have traditionally been divided into two camps. The first are packages that are easy for non-programmers to use, but lack the power and sophistication needed by professional programmers to write real systems. The second are tools used by professional programmers which are basically impossible for non-programmers to learn.

Access was the first to bridge both worlds — it is useable by non-programmers, while professionals developers can happily use Access to design smaller systems. It is a real tour de force and would be Exhibit A for making the case that Microsoft is capable of true innovation, rather than copying the ideas of Apple, Borland, Lotus, [*** Tom: who else?] and others. It can also be used as a front-end tool for larger databases running, e.g., Microsoft SQL Server. Many users, for example, simply use it as a query and reporting tool.

Access 2003 Bible
by Cary N. Prague, Michael R. Irwin and Jennifer Reardon

Access Watch

A free electronic newsletter for Access developers. Covers simples issue as well as extremely complex issues well. Highly recommended if you are an Access developer.

About.com's Web site for Microsoft Access

FunctionX's Web site for Microsoft Access

Microsoft Office Developer Center

If you develop applications within Microsoft Office (e.g., using Visual Basic for Applications), this Microsoft site will be extremely useful.

Microsoft Small Business Server

Microsoft Small Business Server

A small business running a local area network needs a file and print server, a Web server, group e-mail, and a firewall. Microsoft Small Business Server combines all of these in a fairly easy to setup and use package. Unless you're fairly technical, you will need a consultant to install it for you, but installation time should be much less than for other systems. If you're also purchasing a server, you're usually better off purchasing the server with SBS already installed. The Premium Edition adds Microsoft SQL Server.

Internet

How to Improve the Internet
by James Mitchell

Here are several suggestions to improve the Internet.

How Internet Infrastructure Works

A Brief History of the Internet

Mozilla Firebox Web browser

The problems with Microsoft Internet Explorer (such as security) are known not only by most humans on the planet, but by most sentient beings on nearby planets. For many, the answer is Firefox, one of stars of the open source world (along with, e.g., Linux, Apache and OpenOffice). Firefox can be downloaded for free, is easily installed, and runs on almost every platform.

James' primary problem with Firefox is that too many basic features are not included, so you have to install extensions to obtain basic functionality. Fortunately, Mozilla has comprehensive list of extensions that you can download for free. The most obvious feature that is needed is to emulate Internet Explorer when you are visiting a site that is IE-specific.

O'Reilly's Web site for Mozilla Firefox

Pornography on the Internet
by James Mitchell

How pornography should be dealt with on the Internet

Electronic Mail

What's Wrong with E-Mail Packages
by James Mitchell

E-mail packages — even the better ones such as Microsoft Outlook and Eudora — are not designed to handle workflow. Here are several suggestions to improve e-mail packages.

Qualcomm Eudora

Using a real e-mail package in most cases makes a lot more sense than a Web browser, even if you're using a Web-based e-mail site such as Gmail or Hotmail. If you're not using Outlook, then we recommend Eudora.

E-mail Essentials

This is a free newsletter that talks about nothing other than e-mail. James' initial reaction was, "Why do I need to read a regular newsletter about something as simple as e-mail?" He subscribed anyway and now he reads each issue religiously — e-mail is such an important part of most of our lives. Topics covered include:

Five types of e-mail

Spam

What to Do About Spam
by James Mitchell

This describes a proposal to handle spam.

Paul Graham's spam web site

A Plan for Spam
by Paul Graham

A Plan for Spam — Frequently Asked Questions
by Paul Graham

Web Design and Development

Web Monkey

The most useful Web site for professional Web designers

About.com's Web site for Web design

Web Design Practices

Web Design Group

Open Source

Wikipedia's entry on open source

O'Reilly & Sons

Free Software Foundation

The Cathedral & the Bazaar: Musings on Linux and Open Source by an Accidental Revolutionary
by Eric S. Raymond

Online version

It may be foolish to consider Eric Raymond's recent collection of essays, The Cathedral and the Bazaar, the most important computer programming thinking to follow the Internet revolution. But it would be more unfortunate to overlook the implications and long-term benefits of his fastidious description of open-source software development considering the growing dependence businesses and economies have on emerging computer technologies.

This book takes its title from an essay Raymond read at the 1997 Linux Congress. The essay documents Raymond's acquisition, re-creation, and numerous revisions of an e-mail utility known as fetchmail. Raymond engagingly narrates the fetchmail development process while elaborating on the ongoing bazaar development method he uses with the help of volunteer programmers. The essay smartly spares the reader from the technical morass that could easily detract from the text's goal of demonstrating the efficacy of the open-source, or bazaar, method in creating robust, usable software.

Once Raymond has established the components and players necessary for an optimally running open-source model, he sets out to counter the conventional wisdom of private, closed-source software development. Like superbly written code, the author's arguments systematically anticipate their rebuttals. For programmers who "worry that the transition to open source will abolish or devalue their jobs," Raymond adeptly and factually counters that "most developer's salaries don't depend on software sale value." Raymond's uncanny ability to convince is as unrestrained as his capacity for extrapolating upon the promise of open-source development.

In addition to outlining the open-source methodology and its benefits, Raymond also sets out to salvage the hacker moniker from the nefarious connotations typically associated with it in his essay, "A Brief History of Hackerdom" (not surprisingly, he is also the compiler of The New Hacker's Dictionary). Recasting hackerdom in a more positive light may be a heroic undertaking in itself, but considering the Herculean efforts and perfectionist motivations of Raymond and his fellow open-source developers, that light will shine brightly.

Open Sources: Voices from the Open Source Revolution

This book is a fascinating look at the raging debate that is its namesake. Filled with writings from the central players — from Linux creator Linus Torvalds to Perl creator Larry Wall — the book convinces the reader of the overwhelming merits of freeing up the many iterations of software's source code.

The open-source movement has become a cause celebre in light of the widespread adoption of Linux, Perl, and Apache as well as its corporate support from Netscape, IBM, and Oracle — and strongly felt opposition from Microsoft. Open Sources doesn't address why these Microsoft foes are throwing their weight behind the movement. Instead, it focuses on the history and philosophy of open-source software (previously referred to as freeware) as an argument for shaping the future of programming. Open Sources is much larger than just a fight with any one company. Instead, it is a revolutionary call to release software development from the vested interests that label new directions in software development as threatening.

This is not to say that opening the source code is an entirely egalitarian and communistic endeavor. These are programmers and startup owners; they want to be able to continue to program for a living. To that end, Open Sources contains strong business profiles from entrepreneurs such as Apache's — and now, O'Reilly & Associates' — Brian Behlendorf, who discusses how to give away software in order to lure customers in for specialized versions. In many ways, this is a hands-on guide, displaying an insider's view of the development process and providing specifics on testing details and altering licensing agreements. However, interspersed with tech talk is a reader-friendly guide for those interested in the future of software development.

Perspectives on Free and Open Source Software
by Joseph Feller

The Business and Economics of Linux and Open Source
by Martin Fink

Horizontal innovation networks — by and for users
by Eric von Hippel

A somewhat dry but interesting academic paper. Worth reading.

Open Source Leaders

Richard M. Stallman

Wikipedia's entry on Richard M. Stallman

Free Software, Free Society: Selected Essays of Richard M. Stallman
by Richard M. Stallman

Stallman is known internationally as the creator of the GNU operating system and cofounder of the Free Software Foundation. In this collection, he provides an accessible guide to the philosophy that inspired his cause. Stallman also takes a critical look at how businesses abuse copyright law and patents as they apply to computer software applications. He explains how these actions damage our society and encroach on our freedoms. Part 1, "The GNU Project and the Free Software Foundation," offers a historical perspective, as well as an introduction, to the philosophy of free software (i.e., free as in "free speech, not free beer"). Part 2, "Copyrights, Copylefts and Patents," explores the legal aspects of free software, laying out the mission of the free software movement and discussing its long-term goals.

Part 3, "Creating a Free Society," focuses on the importance of free software in our society and presents helpful examples. Part 4 comprises licenses that developers will find useful in making the programs they create accessible to the widest possible audience, as free software that can be redistributed and changed legally under the terms presented. The text gives more insight into Stallman's thought processes than does Sam Williams's biography, Free As in Freedom, a complementary work that relies more on interviews with Stallman and his associates. This important collection by a software visionary is recommended for larger public and academic libraries.

Free as in Freedom: Richard Stallman's Crusade for Free Software
by Sam Williams

In 1984, Richard Stallman launched the GNU Project for the purpose of developing a complete UNIX-like operating system that would allow for free software use. What he developed was the GNU operating system. (GNU is a recursive acronym for "GNU's Not UNIX,'' and it is pronounced guh-NEW. Linux is a variant of the GNU operating system.) This biography traces the evolution of Stallman's eccentric genius from gifted child to teen outcast to passionate crusader for free software. To Stallman, free software is morally vital, and for the past two decades he has devoted his life to eradicating proprietary source codes from the world. Savvy programmers revere Stallman; Bill Gates reviles him. Much of the fascination with Stallman lies in his messianic zeal, which Williams, a freelance writer specializing in high-tech culture, has attempted to capture here, drawing on a number of interviews with the unconventional Stallman, his associates, fans, and critics.

Linus Torvalds

Surprisingly, the only Web page that Torvalds was written for himself is from his graduate students day at the University of Helsinki.

Eric S. Raymond

Wikipedia's entry on Eric S. Raymond

Bruce Perens

Apple Macintosh

The Apple Macintosh
by James Mitchell

A discussion of the pros and cons of the Apple Macintosh, by someone who claims he has no axe to grind.

Return of the Mac
by Paul Graham

"All the best hackers I know are gradually switching to Macs. My friend Robert said his whole research group at MIT recently bought themselves Powerbooks. These guys are not the graphic designers and grandmas who were buying Macs at Apple's low point in the mid 1990s. They're about as hardcore OS hackers as you can get.

The reason, of course, is OS X. Powerbooks are beautifully designed and run FreeBSD. What more do you need to know?"

Unix and Linux

The Art of Unix Programming
by Eric Raymond

One of the classics. Eric Raymond is one of the leaders in the open source movement.

The Unix-Hater's Handbook
by Simson L. Garfinkel, Daniel Weise and Steven Strassmann

"Two of the most famous products of Berkeley are LSD and Unix. I do not think that is a coincidence." —Anonymous

"I liken starting one's computing career with Unix, say as an undergraduate, to being born in East Africa. It is intolerably hot, your body is covered with lice and flies, you are malnourished and you suffer from numerous curable diseases. But, as far as young East Africans can tell, this is simply the natural condition and they live within it. By the time they find out differently, it is too late. They already think that the writing of shell scripts is a natural act." — Ken Pier, Xerox PARC

Computer Programming and Software Development

The Mythical Man-Month: Essays on Software Engineering, 20th Anniversary Edition
by Frederick P. Brooks

In the late 1950s, IBM decided to design the first family of computers where one could upgrade to large models without having to rewrite your software. This family — the IBM 360 family of computers — became the most popular mainframe computer family in the history of computers and established IBM as the largest and most important computer in the world, until the 1980s when Microsoft became more important.

The operating system for the IBM 360 was OS/360; Brooks was the project manager for this operating system. The design of OS/360 was initially one of the great debacles in software history — it was several years late and several billion dollars over budget. (Back then, several billion dollars was a lot of money, even for IBM; some say it almost forced IBM into bankruptcy.) Eventually OS/360 became a huge success, but its birth was very, very painful. In this book, Brooks reflects on the many lessons he learned from the OS/360 project. This is probably the most influential book written on software engineering and software project management and decades later, is still revered as the Gospel. No other book has come close to the wisdom imparted in this book; perhaps the closest is Rapid Development.

Hackers & Painters: Big Ideas from the Computer Age
by Paul Graham

Amazon.com reviews

Rapid Development
by Steve McConnell

Code Complete, Second Edition
by Steve McConnell

Synthesizes the most effective techniques and must-know principles into one clear coding guide. Shows how to design for maximum creativity, debug problems effectively, build quality at all stages of a project, and more.

Joel on Software

Joel on Software: And on Diverse and Occasionally Related Matters That Will Prove of Interest to Software Developers, Designers, and Managers, and to Those Who, Whether by Good Fortune or Ill Luck, Work with Them in Some Capacity by Joel Spolsky

A Brief History of Hackerdom
by Eric S. Raymond

Structure and Interpretation of Computer Programs — 2nd Edition
by Harold Abelson, Gerald Jay Sussman

This classic teaches readers how to program by employing the tools of abstraction and modularity. The authors' central philosophy is that programming is the task of breaking large problems into small ones. The book spends a great deal of time considering both this decomposition and the process of knitting the smaller pieces back together. The authors employ this philosophy in their writing technique. The text asks the broad question "What is programming?" Having come to the conclusion that programming consists of procedures and data, the authors set off to explore the related questions of "What is data?" and "What is a procedure?"

The authors build up the simple notion of a procedure to dizzying complexity. The discussion culminates in the description of the code behind the programming language Scheme. The authors finish with examples of how to implement some of the book's concepts on a register machine. Through this journey, the reader not only learns how to program, but also how to think about programming.

Programming Languages

Paul Graham argues that programming languages can be ranked based on abstractness. Using Graham's criteria, James would rank languages as follows:

Steven Yegge's Blog on programming languages

Programming Languages — Microsoft Visual Basic

Microsoft Visual Basic — Official Web site

FunctionX's Web site on Visual Basic

Practical Standards for Microsoft Visual Basic .NET
by James D. Foxall

Very useful standards for those who are programming in Visual Basic.

Programming Languages — LISP

"Lisp is worth learning for the profound enlightenment experience you will have when you finally get it; that experience will make you a better programmer for the rest of your days, even if you never actually use Lisp itself a lot." — Eric Raymond

LISP

Quotes about LISP — Collected by Paul Graham

ANSI Common LISP
by Paul Graham

Perhaps the best introduction to LISP. Should be read after you know some other computer languages

On LISP
by Paul Graham

A book on advanced uses of LISP. Assumes you already know the language.

Interface Design

About Face 2.0: The Essentials of Interaction Design
by Alan Cooper and Robert M. Reimann

Alan Cooper is the father of Microsoft Visual Basic and is now the foremost thinker in interface design. His thinking is at least a decade ahead of everyone else. After reading this book, you'll realize how poorly designed most software packages are.

The Windows Interface Guidelines for Software Design: An Application Design Guide
by Microsoft Corporation

Artificial Intelligence

"Every prediction about artificial intelligence made, no matter how pessimistic, turns out in retrospect to be wildly optimistic." — James Mitchell

Wikipedia's entry on artificial intelligence

What is Artificial Intelligence?
by John McCarthy

A comprehensive essay readable by non-computer scientists. McCarthy is the father of LISP ***, was the first to suggest computing as a utility, and was founder of the Stanford Artificial Intelligence Lab.

Bibliographies on artificial intelligence

Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach (2nd Edition)
by Stuart J. Russell and Peter Norvig

The standard AI textbook.

Artificial Intelligence, First Edition: A New Synthesis
by Nils J. Nilsson

Easier to read than Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach.

Miscellaneous

Does IT Matter? Information Technology and the Corrosion of Competitive Advantage
by Nicholas G. Carr

In the Beginning ... was the Command Line
by Neal Stephenson

Neal Stephenson, author of the sprawling and engaging Cryptonomicon, has written a manifesto that could be spoken by a character from that brilliant book. Primarily, In the Beginning ... Was the Command Line discusses the past and future of personal computer operating systems. "It is the fate of manufactured goods to slowly and gently depreciate as they get old," he writes, "but it is the fate of operating systems to become free." While others in the computer industry express similarly dogmatic statements, Stephenson charms the reader into his way of thinking, providing anecdotes and examples that turn the pages for you.

Stephenson is a techie, and he's writing for an audience of coders and hackers in Command Line. The idea for this essay began online, when a shortened version of it was posted on Slashdot.org. The book still holds some marks of an e-mail flame gone awry, and some tangents should have been edited to hone his formidable arguments. But unlike similar writers who also discuss technical topics, he doesn't write to exclude; readers who appreciate computing history (like Dealers of Lightning or Fire in the Valley) can easily step into this book.

Stephenson tackles many myths about industry giants in this volume, specifically Apple and Microsoft. By now, every newspaper reader has heard of Microsoft's overbearing business practices, but Stephenson cuts to the heart of new issues for the software giant with a finely sharpened steel blade. Apple fares only a little better as Stephenson (a former Mac user himself) highlights the early steps the company took to prepare for a monopoly within the computer market — and its surprise when this didn't materialize. Linux culture gets a thorough--but fair--skewering, and the strengths of BeOS are touted (although no operating system is nearly close enough to perfection in Stephenson's eyes).

As for the rest of us, who have gladly traded free will and an intellectual understanding of computers for a clutter-free, graphically pleasing interface, Stephenson has thoughts to offer as well. He fully understands the limits nonprogrammers feel in the face of technology (an example being the "blinking 12" problem when your VCR resets itself). Even so, within Command Line he convincingly encourages us as a society to examine the metaphors of technology — simplifications that aren't really much simpler — that we greedily accept. — Jennifer Buckendorff

Fumbling the Future: How Xerox Invented, Then Ignored, the First Personal Computer
by Douglas K. Smith and Robert C. Alexander

The Mathematica Book, Fifth Edition
by Stephen Wolfram

Even if you don't use Mathematica, this book is worth reading. Amazon — "Mathematica is a fairly specialized software for working with a broad range of mathematical equations and graphs. The book is a description of how to use the software. Stephen Wolfram wrote the software, so the book is pretty authoritative. I find the book and the software to be amazing, fantastic, phenomenal, ground-breaking, and all the other adjectives like those. I'd also throw in artistic, poetic, and stunningly beautiful. The software does not come with the book — it's sold separately. There is a student version available for significantly less. The student version is the same as the professional version, but you have to upgrade to the professional version after you graduate (but you get a discount on the upgrade also). There is an electronic copy of the book that is included with the software, but I find it handy to also have the hard copy book. I also found the software support people to be outstanding — helpful, friendly, and supportive."

Our business section lists several books written by CEOs of computer start-ups.